Electrical hardware: Electrical hardware is a key metal accessory used in power systems to connect, secure, and protect transmission lines and substation equipment. It is primarily made of iron or aluminum materials. It has the functions of ‌mechanical load transfer, ‌electrical contact assurance‌ and line protection.

There are six main types. ‌

Cable Clamps‌: Support the vertical load of conductors, commonly used on straight-line towers. ‌

Tension Clamps‌: Secure conductor ends with bolts or compression structures, bearing full tension. 

Connection Hardware‌: Used for connecting insulator strings and mechanical interconnections between equipment. ‌

Splice Hardware‌: Complete conductor splicing us.

Protective Fittings: Including grading rings, vibration dampers, etc., which improve electric field distribution or suppress vibration.

Contact Fittings: Used for connecting hard busbars to equipment terminals, with emphasis on electrical conductivity and contact stability.

All fittings must pass standardized tests such as mechanical failure load, grip strength, and temperature rise tests to verify their performance, ensuring the safe operation of power lines.